Conclusion
So formulated, ED-M inherits ED-P's reconciliation of internalist and externalist intuitions and its explanation of ordinary justification by appeal to remembering that p.
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So formulated, ED-M inherits ED-P's reconciliation of internalist and externalist intuitions and its explanation of ordinary justification by appeal to remembering that p.
Premises (7)
- ED-M says that, in paradigmatic memory-knowledge cases, memory knowledge is grounded in rational support that is both factive and reflectively accessible.Evidence for this premise (3)An Epistemological Disjunctivist Account of Memory Knowledge — Parity argument: ED-M inherits ED-P’s advantages and parallel responses to the access, distinguishability, and basis problemsIn paradigmatic cases of memory knowledge, S has memory knowledge that p in virtue of being in possession of rational support, R , for this belief that p, which is both factive, R ’ s obtaining entails p , and reflectively accessible to S .https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/episteme/article/abs/an-epistemological-disjunctivist-account-of-memory-knowledge/14B783777BF7638A1B1D2F20750466D7#unit-4-p1An Epistemological Disjunctivist Account of Memory Knowledge — Parity argument: ED-M inherits ED-P’s advantages and parallel responses to the access, distinguishability, and basis problemsIn paradigmatic cases of memory knowledge, S has memory knowledge that p in virtue of being in possession of rational support, R , for this belief that p, which is both factive, R ’ s obtaining entails p , and reflectively accessible to S .https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/episteme/article/abs/an-epistemological-disjunctivist-account-of-memory-knowledge/14B783777BF7638A1B1D2F20750466D7#unit-4-p1An Epistemological Disjunctivist Account of Memory Knowledge — Parity argument: ED-M inherits ED-P’s advantages and parallel responses to the access, distinguishability, and basis problemsIn paradigmatic cases of memory knowledge, S has memory knowledge that p in virtue of being in possession of rational support, R , for this belief that p, which is both factive, R ’ s obtaining entails p , and reflectively accessible to S .https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/episteme/article/abs/an-epistemological-disjunctivist-account-of-memory-knowledge/14B783777BF7638A1B1D2F20750466D7#unit-4-p1
- ED-M illuminates the ordinary practice of justifying a memory belief that p by appealing to remembering that p: remembering is factive, and in paradigmatic experiential cases subjects can know by reflection that they remember.Evidence for this premise (3)An Epistemological Disjunctivist Account of Memory Knowledge — Parity argument: ED-M inherits ED-P’s advantages and parallel responses to the access, distinguishability, and basis problemsa common practice in justifying one ’ s memory belief that p is to appeal to one ’ s remembering that p .https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/episteme/article/abs/an-epistemological-disjunctivist-account-of-memory-knowledge/14B783777BF7638A1B1D2F20750466D7#unit-4-p3An Epistemological Disjunctivist Account of Memory Knowledge — Parity argument: ED-M inherits ED-P’s advantages and parallel responses to the access, distinguishability, and basis problemsa common practice in justifying one ’ s memory belief that p is to appeal to one ’ s remembering that p .https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/episteme/article/abs/an-epistemological-disjunctivist-account-of-memory-knowledge/14B783777BF7638A1B1D2F20750466D7#unit-4-p3An Epistemological Disjunctivist Account of Memory Knowledge — Parity argument: ED-M inherits ED-P’s advantages and parallel responses to the access, distinguishability, and basis problemsa common practice in justifying one ’ s memory belief that p is to appeal to one ’ s remembering that p .https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/episteme/article/abs/an-epistemological-disjunctivist-account-of-memory-knowledge/14B783777BF7638A1B1D2F20750466D7#unit-4-p3
- ED-P blocks its basis problem by rejecting the claim that seeing that p entails knowing that p; analogously, ED-M can block its basis problem if it rejects RK.Evidence for this premise (3)An Epistemological Disjunctivist Account of Memory Knowledge — Parity argument: ED-M inherits ED-P’s advantages and parallel responses to the access, distinguishability, and basis problemsif ED-M can reject the claim that remembering that p entails that knowing that p (RK), then ED-M can also block the presence of the basis problem.https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/episteme/article/abs/an-epistemological-disjunctivist-account-of-memory-knowledge/14B783777BF7638A1B1D2F20750466D7#unit-4-p6An Epistemological Disjunctivist Account of Memory Knowledge — Parity argument: ED-M inherits ED-P’s advantages and parallel responses to the access, distinguishability, and basis problemsif ED-M can reject the claim that remembering that p entails that knowing that p (RK), then ED-M can also block the presence of the basis problem.https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/episteme/article/abs/an-epistemological-disjunctivist-account-of-memory-knowledge/14B783777BF7638A1B1D2F20750466D7#unit-4-p6An Epistemological Disjunctivist Account of Memory Knowledge — Parity argument: ED-M inherits ED-P’s advantages and parallel responses to the access, distinguishability, and basis problemsif ED-M can reject the claim that remembering that p entails that knowing that p (RK), then ED-M can also block the presence of the basis problem.https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/episteme/article/abs/an-epistemological-disjunctivist-account-of-memory-knowledge/14B783777BF7638A1B1D2F20750466D7#unit-4-p6
- Like ED-P, ED-M combines an internalist element (reflective accessibility) with an externalist element (factivity), and thus satisfies both kinds of intuition.Evidence for this premise (3)An Epistemological Disjunctivist Account of Memory Knowledge — Parity argument: ED-M inherits ED-P’s advantages and parallel responses to the access, distinguishability, and basis problemsreflective accessibility is an internalist requirement and factivity is an externalist requirement.https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/episteme/article/abs/an-epistemological-disjunctivist-account-of-memory-knowledge/14B783777BF7638A1B1D2F20750466D7#unit-4-p2An Epistemological Disjunctivist Account of Memory Knowledge — Parity argument: ED-M inherits ED-P’s advantages and parallel responses to the access, distinguishability, and basis problemsreflective accessibility is an internalist requirement and factivity is an externalist requirement.https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/episteme/article/abs/an-epistemological-disjunctivist-account-of-memory-knowledge/14B783777BF7638A1B1D2F20750466D7#unit-4-p2An Epistemological Disjunctivist Account of Memory Knowledge — Parity argument: ED-M inherits ED-P’s advantages and parallel responses to the access, distinguishability, and basis problemsreflective accessibility is an internalist requirement and factivity is an externalist requirement.https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/episteme/article/abs/an-epistemological-disjunctivist-account-of-memory-knowledge/14B783777BF7638A1B1D2F20750466D7#unit-4-p2
- ED-M can reject the first premise of the memory underdetermination sceptical paradox because a subject's factive memory support is unavailable to her counterpart in the five-minutes world and favors p over that hypothesis.Evidence for this premise (3)An Epistemological Disjunctivist Account of Memory Knowledge — Parity argument: ED-M inherits ED-P’s advantages and parallel responses to the access, distinguishability, and basis problemsGranted that the rational support S possesses is factive, it favours the belief that p over the five-minutes-world hypothesis.https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/episteme/article/abs/an-epistemological-disjunctivist-account-of-memory-knowledge/14B783777BF7638A1B1D2F20750466D7#unit-4-p4An Epistemological Disjunctivist Account of Memory Knowledge — Parity argument: ED-M inherits ED-P’s advantages and parallel responses to the access, distinguishability, and basis problemsGranted that the rational support S possesses is factive, it favours the belief that p over the five-minutes-world hypothesis.https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/episteme/article/abs/an-epistemological-disjunctivist-account-of-memory-knowledge/14B783777BF7638A1B1D2F20750466D7#unit-4-p4An Epistemological Disjunctivist Account of Memory Knowledge — Parity argument: ED-M inherits ED-P’s advantages and parallel responses to the access, distinguishability, and basis problemsGranted that the rational support S possesses is factive, it favours the belief that p over the five-minutes-world hypothesis.https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/episteme/article/abs/an-epistemological-disjunctivist-account-of-memory-knowledge/14B783777BF7638A1B1D2F20750466D7#unit-4-p4
- The access and distinguishability problems arise from disjunctivism's general commitment to factive, reflectively accessible support for contingent beliefs, rather than from its concern with any particular kind of knowledge.Evidence for this premise (3)An Epistemological Disjunctivist Account of Memory Knowledge — Parity argument: ED-M inherits ED-P’s advantages and parallel responses to the access, distinguishability, and basis problemsthe presence of both the access problem and the distinguishability problem has nothing to do with what kind of knowledge the version of disjunctivism is about.https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/episteme/article/abs/an-epistemological-disjunctivist-account-of-memory-knowledge/14B783777BF7638A1B1D2F20750466D7#unit-4-p5An Epistemological Disjunctivist Account of Memory Knowledge — Parity argument: ED-M inherits ED-P’s advantages and parallel responses to the access, distinguishability, and basis problemsthe presence of both the access problem and the distinguishability problem has nothing to do with what kind of knowledge the version of disjunctivism is about.https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/episteme/article/abs/an-epistemological-disjunctivist-account-of-memory-knowledge/14B783777BF7638A1B1D2F20750466D7#unit-4-p5An Epistemological Disjunctivist Account of Memory Knowledge — Parity argument: ED-M inherits ED-P’s advantages and parallel responses to the access, distinguishability, and basis problemsthe presence of both the access problem and the distinguishability problem has nothing to do with what kind of knowledge the version of disjunctivism is about.https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/episteme/article/abs/an-epistemological-disjunctivist-account-of-memory-knowledge/14B783777BF7638A1B1D2F20750466D7#unit-4-p5
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Pending critical questions (3)
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- Are the stated good consequences likely to occur?Answer under reviewDraft answer
The paper argues that ED-M has the same two-part structure as ED-P: reflective accessibility supplies the internalist element and factivity the externalist element. It also maintains that this structure illuminates ordinary justification by remembering that p. Paper basis — "reflective accessibility is an internalist requirement and factivity is an externalist requirement." (An Epistemological Disjunctivist Account of Memory Knowledge, p. 9). Reconstructed from Kwok Chung Him et al. (2023); machine-drafted from the paper, filed for review.
- Are the good consequences significant enough to justify A?Answer under reviewDraft answer
The paper treats reconciliation of internalist and externalist intuitions, together with the handling of objections, as attractions inherited through structural parity with ED-P. Its warrant presents these as grounds for the proposed ED-M account, conditional on the parity inference. Paper basis — This is a structural analogy or parity inference: because ED-M has the same factive-and-reflectively-accessible support structure as ED-P, it inherits ED-P's internalist/externalist attractions and its responses to objections generated by that structure; because its relevant entailment thesis (RK) is false in the same way as SK can be rejected, the basis objection is likewise dissolved. (from unit-4#w; no verbatim anchor). Reconstructed from Kwok Chung Him et al. (2023); machine-drafted from the paper, filed for review.
- Are there overlooked negative side‑effects outweighing the good?Open
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