Trotzke’s German evidence tests only wh- and dass-exclamatives containing explicitly scale-indicating elements.

Trotzke’s German evidence tests only wh- and dass-exclamatives containing explicitly scale-indicating elements.

• TaG’s case centrally depends on challenging the claims that exclamatives’ descriptive content is not deniable and that exclamatives cannot answer information-seeking questions.
• Second-group exclamatives only seem deniable because their explicitly scale-indicating elements, such as groß and schnell, can be rejected.
  Evidence for this premise (3)

  Exclamatives, deniability, and answerhood — Deniability evidence and the three-way German classification

  Exclamatives like (8) seem to be deniable only because they include an explicitly scale-indicating element ( groß, schnell ) that can be rejected.

  https://doi.org/10.1515/tl-2025-2006#unit-2-p3

  Exclamatives, deniability, and answerhood — Deniability evidence and the three-way German classification

  Exclamatives like (8) seem to be deniable only because they include an explicitly scale-indicating element ( groß, schnell ) that can be rejected.

  https://doi.org/10.1515/tl-2025-2006#unit-2-p3

  Exclamatives, deniability, and answerhood — Deniability evidence and the three-way German classification

  Exclamatives like (8) seem to be deniable only because they include an explicitly scale-indicating element ( groß, schnell ) that can be rejected.

  https://doi.org/10.1515/tl-2025-2006#unit-2-p3
• German exclamatives divide into three types that differ in deniability: declarative exclamatives, exclamatives with an explicitly gradable element, and exclamatives without such an element.
  Evidence for this premise (3)

  Exclamatives, deniability, and answerhood — Deniability evidence and the three-way German classification

  In German, we can identify three types of exclamatives that behave differently with respect to deniablitiy.

  https://doi.org/10.1515/tl-2025-2006#unit-2-p1

  Exclamatives, deniability, and answerhood — Deniability evidence and the three-way German classification

  In German, we can identify three types of exclamatives that behave differently with respect to deniablitiy.

  https://doi.org/10.1515/tl-2025-2006#unit-2-p1

  Exclamatives, deniability, and answerhood — Deniability evidence and the three-way German classification

  In German, we can identify three types of exclamatives that behave differently with respect to deniablitiy.

  https://doi.org/10.1515/tl-2025-2006#unit-2-p1
• Removing the scale-indicating element from second-group exclamatives makes them no longer deniable and makes them behave like third-group exclamatives.
  Evidence for this premise (3)

  Exclamatives, deniability, and answerhood — Deniability evidence and the three-way German classification

  If the scale-indicating element is removed from the exclamative sentences of the second group, they can no longer be denied, thus behaving like exclamatives of group three.

  https://doi.org/10.1515/tl-2025-2006#unit-2-p4

  Exclamatives, deniability, and answerhood — Deniability evidence and the three-way German classification

  If the scale-indicating element is removed from the exclamative sentences of the second group, they can no longer be denied, thus behaving like exclamatives of group three.

  https://doi.org/10.1515/tl-2025-2006#unit-2-p4

  Exclamatives, deniability, and answerhood — Deniability evidence and the three-way German classification

  If the scale-indicating element is removed from the exclamative sentences of the second group, they can no longer be denied, thus behaving like exclamatives of group three.

  https://doi.org/10.1515/tl-2025-2006#unit-2-p4
• Declarative exclamatives, the first group, can be denied through either strong or weak denial.
  Evidence for this premise (3)

  Exclamatives, deniability, and answerhood — Deniability evidence and the three-way German classification

  can be denied without difficulty, either through strong ( Nein! ‘ No ’ ) or weak ( Nicht wirklich! ‘ Not really ’ ) denial.

  https://doi.org/10.1515/tl-2025-2006#unit-2-p2

  Exclamatives, deniability, and answerhood — Deniability evidence and the three-way German classification

  can be denied without difficulty, either through strong ( Nein! ‘ No ’ ) or weak ( Nicht wirklich! ‘ Not really ’ ) denial.

  https://doi.org/10.1515/tl-2025-2006#unit-2-p2

  Exclamatives, deniability, and answerhood — Deniability evidence and the three-way German classification

  can be denied without difficulty, either through strong ( Nein! ‘ No ’ ) or weak ( Nicht wirklich! ‘ Not really ’ ) denial.

  https://doi.org/10.1515/tl-2025-2006#unit-2-p2
• Neither Trotzke's 2019 study nor TaG discusses German third-group examples.
  Evidence for this premise (3)

  Exclamatives, deniability, and answerhood — Deniability evidence and the three-way German classification

  German examples of the third group are neither discussed in Trotzke ’ s study (2019) nor in TaG.

  https://doi.org/10.1515/tl-2025-2006#unit-2-p6

  Exclamatives, deniability, and answerhood — Deniability evidence and the three-way German classification

  German examples of the third group are neither discussed in Trotzke ’ s study (2019) nor in TaG.

  https://doi.org/10.1515/tl-2025-2006#unit-2-p6

  Exclamatives, deniability, and answerhood — Deniability evidence and the three-way German classification

  German examples of the third group are neither discussed in Trotzke ’ s study (2019) nor in TaG.

  https://doi.org/10.1515/tl-2025-2006#unit-2-p6
• Third-group exclamatives, including those without an explicitly gradable element, cannot be denied by either strong or weak denial.
  Evidence for this premise (3)

  Exclamatives, deniability, and answerhood — Deniability evidence and the three-way German classification

  cannot be denied, neither with strong ( #Nein! ‘ No ’ ) nor weak (# Nicht wirklich ‘ Not really ’ ) denial.

  https://doi.org/10.1515/tl-2025-2006#unit-2-p5

  Exclamatives, deniability, and answerhood — Deniability evidence and the three-way German classification

  cannot be denied, neither with strong ( #Nein! ‘ No ’ ) nor weak (# Nicht wirklich ‘ Not really ’ ) denial.

  https://doi.org/10.1515/tl-2025-2006#unit-2-p5

  Exclamatives, deniability, and answerhood — Deniability evidence and the three-way German classification

  cannot be denied, neither with strong ( #Nein! ‘ No ’ ) nor weak (# Nicht wirklich ‘ Not really ’ ) denial.

  https://doi.org/10.1515/tl-2025-2006#unit-2-p5

These are challenges this argument’s reasoning pattern must still withstand. Answering them on Isonomia strengthens the argument.

• Does the case fit the category?Answer under review
  Draft answer

  The paper states that neither Trotzke's 2019 study nor TaG discusses German third-group examples. Together with its division of German exclamatives into types, this supports classifying the cited evidence as confined to the wh- and dass-exclamatives with explicit scale-indicating elements. Paper basis — "German examples of the third group are neither discussed in Trotzke ’ s study (2019) nor in TaG." (Exclamatives, deniability, and answerhood, p. 5). Reconstructed from Robert Wilhelmy et al. (2025); machine-drafted from the paper, filed for review.

  https://doi.org/10.1515/tl-2025-2006#unit-2-p6

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