The production boundary is a suitable case because productive labour was central and contested in political economy, while explicit mainstream debate later appeared to disappear.

The production boundary is a suitable case because productive labour was central and contested in political economy, while explicit mainstream debate later appeared to disappear.

• Economic categories are shaped by institutions and practices that construct economic life and shared understandings of the economy.
  Evidence for this premise (3)

  What counts as productive? Redefining ‘producers’ in economic discourse, 1890–1960 — Conceptual framework: discursive demarcations, material boundary work, and statistical representations

  Much research highlights how economic categories are shaped by the institutions and practices that construct our economic lives

  https://doi.org/10.1080/03085147.2024.2404355#unit-2-p1

  What counts as productive? Redefining ‘producers’ in economic discourse, 1890–1960 — Conceptual framework: discursive demarcations, material boundary work, and statistical representations

  Much research highlights how economic categories are shaped by the institutions and practices that construct our economic lives

  https://doi.org/10.1080/03085147.2024.2404355#unit-2-p1

  What counts as productive? Redefining ‘producers’ in economic discourse, 1890–1960 — Conceptual framework: discursive demarcations, material boundary work, and statistical representations

  Much research highlights how economic categories are shaped by the institutions and practices that construct our economic lives

  https://doi.org/10.1080/03085147.2024.2404355#unit-2-p1
• A key process in creating economic categories is negotiating boundaries that define the economy, its parts, and their representation.
  Evidence for this premise (3)

  What counts as productive? Redefining ‘producers’ in economic discourse, 1890–1960 — Conceptual framework: discursive demarcations, material boundary work, and statistical representations

  A key process in the creation of economic categories is the negotiation of boundaries that define the economy itself

  https://doi.org/10.1080/03085147.2024.2404355#unit-2-p2

  What counts as productive? Redefining ‘producers’ in economic discourse, 1890–1960 — Conceptual framework: discursive demarcations, material boundary work, and statistical representations

  A key process in the creation of economic categories is the negotiation of boundaries that define the economy itself

  https://doi.org/10.1080/03085147.2024.2404355#unit-2-p2

  What counts as productive? Redefining ‘producers’ in economic discourse, 1890–1960 — Conceptual framework: discursive demarcations, material boundary work, and statistical representations

  A key process in the creation of economic categories is the negotiation of boundaries that define the economy itself

  https://doi.org/10.1080/03085147.2024.2404355#unit-2-p2
• Statistical representations are a central material culture used to define and make sense of the economy.
  Evidence for this premise (3)

  What counts as productive? Redefining ‘producers’ in economic discourse, 1890–1960 — Conceptual framework: discursive demarcations, material boundary work, and statistical representations

  Statistical representations are a central form of material culture that are used to define and make sense of the economy

  https://doi.org/10.1080/03085147.2024.2404355#unit-2-p5

  What counts as productive? Redefining ‘producers’ in economic discourse, 1890–1960 — Conceptual framework: discursive demarcations, material boundary work, and statistical representations

  Statistical representations are a central form of material culture that are used to define and make sense of the economy

  https://doi.org/10.1080/03085147.2024.2404355#unit-2-p5

  What counts as productive? Redefining ‘producers’ in economic discourse, 1890–1960 — Conceptual framework: discursive demarcations, material boundary work, and statistical representations

  Statistical representations are a central form of material culture that are used to define and make sense of the economy

  https://doi.org/10.1080/03085147.2024.2404355#unit-2-p5
• Discursive demarcations are shaped by material processes and artefacts, including metrics, statistical representations, stylized facts, and legal statutes, which signal and enforce boundaries around economic objects.
  Evidence for this premise (3)

  What counts as productive? Redefining ‘producers’ in economic discourse, 1890–1960 — Conceptual framework: discursive demarcations, material boundary work, and statistical representations

  Discursive demarcations are unlikely to emerge de novo, but instead are shaped by material processes

  https://doi.org/10.1080/03085147.2024.2404355#unit-2-p4

  What counts as productive? Redefining ‘producers’ in economic discourse, 1890–1960 — Conceptual framework: discursive demarcations, material boundary work, and statistical representations

  Discursive demarcations are unlikely to emerge de novo, but instead are shaped by material processes

  https://doi.org/10.1080/03085147.2024.2404355#unit-2-p4

  What counts as productive? Redefining ‘producers’ in economic discourse, 1890–1960 — Conceptual framework: discursive demarcations, material boundary work, and statistical representations

  Discursive demarcations are unlikely to emerge de novo, but instead are shaped by material processes

  https://doi.org/10.1080/03085147.2024.2404355#unit-2-p4
• Existing statistical representations determine what empirical problems economists can see and, importantly, what they fail to see.
  Evidence for this premise (3)

  What counts as productive? Redefining ‘producers’ in economic discourse, 1890–1960 — Conceptual framework: discursive demarcations, material boundary work, and statistical representations

  statistical representations of the economy shape the kinds of empirical problems economists see, and even more importantly what they fail to see

  https://doi.org/10.1080/03085147.2024.2404355#unit-2-p6

  What counts as productive? Redefining ‘producers’ in economic discourse, 1890–1960 — Conceptual framework: discursive demarcations, material boundary work, and statistical representations

  statistical representations of the economy shape the kinds of empirical problems economists see, and even more importantly what they fail to see

  https://doi.org/10.1080/03085147.2024.2404355#unit-2-p6

  What counts as productive? Redefining ‘producers’ in economic discourse, 1890–1960 — Conceptual framework: discursive demarcations, material boundary work, and statistical representations

  statistical representations of the economy shape the kinds of empirical problems economists see, and even more importantly what they fail to see

  https://doi.org/10.1080/03085147.2024.2404355#unit-2-p6
• Discursive demarcations are linguistic attempts to construct boundaries around objects of scientific knowledge and establish what is central or peripheral within an epistemic community.
  Evidence for this premise (3)

  What counts as productive? Redefining ‘producers’ in economic discourse, 1890–1960 — Conceptual framework: discursive demarcations, material boundary work, and statistical representations

  discursive demarcations are attempts to linguistically construct the boundaries around an object of scientific knowledge

  https://doi.org/10.1080/03085147.2024.2404355#unit-2-p3

  What counts as productive? Redefining ‘producers’ in economic discourse, 1890–1960 — Conceptual framework: discursive demarcations, material boundary work, and statistical representations

  discursive demarcations are attempts to linguistically construct the boundaries around an object of scientific knowledge

  https://doi.org/10.1080/03085147.2024.2404355#unit-2-p3

  What counts as productive? Redefining ‘producers’ in economic discourse, 1890–1960 — Conceptual framework: discursive demarcations, material boundary work, and statistical representations

  discursive demarcations are attempts to linguistically construct the boundaries around an object of scientific knowledge

  https://doi.org/10.1080/03085147.2024.2404355#unit-2-p3
• Statistical representations can shape not only which empirical problems economists see but also which theoretical concepts and tools remain available.

These are challenges this argument’s reasoning pattern must still withstand. Answering them on Isonomia strengthens the argument.

• Is the property F genuinely causally or evidentially connected to property G?Open
• Are there other relevant examples that would support a different conclusion?Open
• Is the example cited representative of the population?Open
• Are there relevant differences between the cited example and the case to which the conclusion is being applied?Open
• Is the number of examples sufficient to support the generalization?Open

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