Habitus is suited to the macro–micro problem because it links social positions and contexts to dispositions, but migration, class, and dispositions must be analytically distinguished.

Habitus is suited to the macro–micro problem because it links social positions and contexts to dispositions, but migration, class, and dispositions must be analytically distinguished.

• Contrary to theorists' 1990s and 2000s expectation of increasing cosmopolitan orientations and identities under globalization, subsequent empirical research has found no general cosmopolitanization trend.
  Evidence for this premise (3)

  Habitus, Globalization, and Cosmopolitanism: How Dispositions, Class, and Migration Shape Global Self-Identification Differently in 74 Countries — Problem: globalization, cosmopolitan identification, and cross-national variation

  empirical research since has not shown any such general trend

  https://doi.org/10.1177/14407833261430381#unit-1-p2

  Habitus, Globalization, and Cosmopolitanism: How Dispositions, Class, and Migration Shape Global Self-Identification Differently in 74 Countries — Problem: globalization, cosmopolitan identification, and cross-national variation

  empirical research since has not shown any such general trend

  https://doi.org/10.1177/14407833261430381#unit-1-p2

  Habitus, Globalization, and Cosmopolitanism: How Dispositions, Class, and Migration Shape Global Self-Identification Differently in 74 Countries — Problem: globalization, cosmopolitan identification, and cross-national variation

  empirical research since has not shown any such general trend

  https://doi.org/10.1177/14407833261430381#unit-1-p2
• Globalization-related polarization has produced cleavages between more nationally and more cosmopolitan-oriented groups, whose attitudes toward the nation-state, migration, culture, and social cohesion differ significantly.
  Evidence for this premise (3)

  Habitus, Globalization, and Cosmopolitanism: How Dispositions, Class, and Migration Shape Global Self-Identification Differently in 74 Countries — Problem: globalization, cosmopolitan identification, and cross-national variation

  increasing polarization and the formation of new cleavages between somewhat nationally and cosmopolitan-oriented groups

  https://doi.org/10.1177/14407833261430381#unit-1-p1

  Habitus, Globalization, and Cosmopolitanism: How Dispositions, Class, and Migration Shape Global Self-Identification Differently in 74 Countries — Problem: globalization, cosmopolitan identification, and cross-national variation

  increasing polarization and the formation of new cleavages between somewhat nationally and cosmopolitan-oriented groups

  https://doi.org/10.1177/14407833261430381#unit-1-p1

  Habitus, Globalization, and Cosmopolitanism: How Dispositions, Class, and Migration Shape Global Self-Identification Differently in 74 Countries — Problem: globalization, cosmopolitan identification, and cross-national variation

  increasing polarization and the formation of new cleavages between somewhat nationally and cosmopolitan-oriented groups

  https://doi.org/10.1177/14407833261430381#unit-1-p1
• People attach very different meanings to identifying as citizens of the world, and the extent of cosmopolitan self-identification varies noticeably both between and within national societies.
  Evidence for this premise (3)

  Habitus, Globalization, and Cosmopolitanism: How Dispositions, Class, and Migration Shape Global Self-Identification Differently in 74 Countries — Problem: globalization, cosmopolitan identification, and cross-national variation

  people mean very different things when they state that they see themselves as “ citizens of the world ”

  https://doi.org/10.1177/14407833261430381#unit-1-p3

  Habitus, Globalization, and Cosmopolitanism: How Dispositions, Class, and Migration Shape Global Self-Identification Differently in 74 Countries — Problem: globalization, cosmopolitan identification, and cross-national variation

  people mean very different things when they state that they see themselves as “ citizens of the world ”

  https://doi.org/10.1177/14407833261430381#unit-1-p3

  Habitus, Globalization, and Cosmopolitanism: How Dispositions, Class, and Migration Shape Global Self-Identification Differently in 74 Countries — Problem: globalization, cosmopolitan identification, and cross-national variation

  people mean very different things when they state that they see themselves as “ citizens of the world ”

  https://doi.org/10.1177/14407833261430381#unit-1-p3
• Research indicates that global identification differs across countries with societal factors such as affluence or globalization and with individual factors such as age, class, education, and residence, but these factors need not have the same effects in every country.
  Evidence for this premise (3)

  Habitus, Globalization, and Cosmopolitanism: How Dispositions, Class, and Migration Shape Global Self-Identification Differently in 74 Countries — Problem: globalization, cosmopolitan identification, and cross-national variation

  these factors do not necessarily have the same effect across countries

  https://doi.org/10.1177/14407833261430381#unit-1-p4

  Habitus, Globalization, and Cosmopolitanism: How Dispositions, Class, and Migration Shape Global Self-Identification Differently in 74 Countries — Problem: globalization, cosmopolitan identification, and cross-national variation

  these factors do not necessarily have the same effect across countries

  https://doi.org/10.1177/14407833261430381#unit-1-p4

  Habitus, Globalization, and Cosmopolitanism: How Dispositions, Class, and Migration Shape Global Self-Identification Differently in 74 Countries — Problem: globalization, cosmopolitan identification, and cross-national variation

  these factors do not necessarily have the same effect across countries

  https://doi.org/10.1177/14407833261430381#unit-1-p4
• Existing research often uses psychological accounts, including group threat and values, that generally posit stable trans-situational effects across diverse societal contexts.
  Evidence for this premise (3)

  Habitus, Globalization, and Cosmopolitanism: How Dispositions, Class, and Migration Shape Global Self-Identification Differently in 74 Countries — Problem: globalization, cosmopolitan identification, and cross-national variation

  research often relies on psychological notions such as group threat

  https://doi.org/10.1177/14407833261430381#unit-1-p6

  Habitus, Globalization, and Cosmopolitanism: How Dispositions, Class, and Migration Shape Global Self-Identification Differently in 74 Countries — Problem: globalization, cosmopolitan identification, and cross-national variation

  research often relies on psychological notions such as group threat

  https://doi.org/10.1177/14407833261430381#unit-1-p6

  Habitus, Globalization, and Cosmopolitanism: How Dispositions, Class, and Migration Shape Global Self-Identification Differently in 74 Countries — Problem: globalization, cosmopolitan identification, and cross-national variation

  research often relies on psychological notions such as group threat

  https://doi.org/10.1177/14407833261430381#unit-1-p6
• Although the literature agrees that cosmopolitan orientations and identities manifest differently across societies, it lacks agreement on a theoretical account of the macro–micro interplay.
  Evidence for this premise (3)

  Habitus, Globalization, and Cosmopolitanism: How Dispositions, Class, and Migration Shape Global Self-Identification Differently in 74 Countries — Problem: globalization, cosmopolitan identification, and cross-national variation

  there is much less agreement on how to account theoretically for this interplay of macroand micro-level factors

  https://doi.org/10.1177/14407833261430381#unit-1-p5

  Habitus, Globalization, and Cosmopolitanism: How Dispositions, Class, and Migration Shape Global Self-Identification Differently in 74 Countries — Problem: globalization, cosmopolitan identification, and cross-national variation

  there is much less agreement on how to account theoretically for this interplay of macroand micro-level factors

  https://doi.org/10.1177/14407833261430381#unit-1-p5

  Habitus, Globalization, and Cosmopolitanism: How Dispositions, Class, and Migration Shape Global Self-Identification Differently in 74 Countries — Problem: globalization, cosmopolitan identification, and cross-national variation

  there is much less agreement on how to account theoretically for this interplay of macroand micro-level factors

  https://doi.org/10.1177/14407833261430381#unit-1-p5
• Migration and class may be associated with global self-identification, but prior theory and evidence allow both cosmopolitan and parochial migration effects and do not establish a uniform elite pattern.

These are challenges this argument’s reasoning pattern must still withstand. Answering them on Isonomia strengthens the argument.

• Is the context one where this definition appropriately applies?Answer under review
  Draft answer

  The paper identifies cross-societal variation and the absence of agreement on macro–micro interplay as the relevant analytical context. It uses habitus specifically to address that macro–micro problem, while maintaining distinctions among migration, class, and dispositions. Paper basis — "there is much less agreement on how to account theoretically for this interplay of macroand micro-level factors" (Habitus, Globalization, and Cosmopolitanism: How Dispositions, Class, and Migration Shape Global Self-Identification Differently in 74 Countries, p. 2). Reconstructed from Christian Schneickert & Sören Carlson (2026); machine-drafted from the paper, filed for review.

  https://doi.org/10.1177/14407833261430381#unit-1-p5
• Is the definition of G acceptable and authoritative?Open
• Is the definition stipulative, lexical, or precising?Open
• Does a really have all the properties F₁, F₂, ... Fₙ listed?Open
• Are the defining properties necessary for G?Open
• Are the defining properties F₁, F₂, ... Fₙ sufficient for G?Open

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