City transportation authorities should adopt cordon-based congestion pricing under four binding design conditions: (1) earmark revenue visibly to public transit and targeted low-income relief; (2) keep exemptions narrow; (3) index and periodically escalate the charge so its effect does not erode with inflation or behavioral adaptation; and (4) expand transit capacity before or alongside launch and time any public referendum to follow a trial rather than precede it.

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City transportation authorities should adopt cordon-based congestion pricing under four binding design conditions: (1) earmark revenue visibly to public transit and targeted low-income relief; (2) keeuntested-default

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