Under constant PD and NAT forcing, the thermodynamic soil-moisture difference varies substantially from year to year, ranging from −0.39 to −1.00 mm around a −0.72 mm JJA mean difference.
Evidence (2)
European summer drying largely driven by atmospheric circulation changes since the 1980s — Weather-regime changes as mechanisms of circulation-driven drying
the year-to-year differences range between −0.39 and −1.00 mm
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-026-02050-w#unit-4-p4
European summer drying largely driven by atmospheric circulation changes since the 1980s — Weather-regime changes as mechanisms of circulation-driven drying
On average, the difference in JJA soil moisture between PD and NAT is −0.72 mm. However, the year-to-year differences range between −0.39 and −1.00 mm (Fig. 4a), although both simulations apply constant climate forcing.
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-026-02050-w#unit-4-p4
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