The pre-2012 upward trend in affective polarization driven by elite sorting and demographic change demonstrates that powerful non-algorithmic drivers were already producing rapid polarization growth at the start of the framing window, making it less likely that algorithmic curation independently contributed an additional 10% within 2012-2024.

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The pre-2012 upward trend in affective polarization driven by elite sorting and demographic change demonstrates that powerful non-algorithmic drivers were already producing rapid polarization growth auntested-default

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