A generic utilities frame defined production simply as the creation of utility, without specifying what counts as utility or how to measure it.

Evidence (3)

What counts as productive? Redefining ‘producers’ in economic discourse, 1890–1960 — Post-marginal-revolution contestation: utility expands the producer boundary, but competing frames persist

Any activity which contributes to the creation of utilities in either of these ways is production

https://doi.org/10.1080/03085147.2024.2404355#unit-5-p3

What counts as productive? Redefining ‘producers’ in economic discourse, 1890–1960 — Post-marginal-revolution contestation: utility expands the producer boundary, but competing frames persist

Any activity which contributes to the creation of utilities in either of these ways is production

https://doi.org/10.1080/03085147.2024.2404355#unit-5-p3

What counts as productive? Redefining ‘producers’ in economic discourse, 1890–1960 — Post-marginal-revolution contestation: utility expands the producer boundary, but competing frames persist

Any activity which contributes to the creation of utilities in either of these ways is production

https://doi.org/10.1080/03085147.2024.2404355#unit-5-p3

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