Even with constant forcing in PD and NAT, the thermodynamic soil-moisture difference varies substantially from year to year: its mean is −0.72 mm, with annual differences from −0.39 to −1.00 mm.
Evidence (4)
European summer drying largely driven by atmospheric circulation changes since the 1980s — Dynamic warm and dry conditions amplify thermodynamic drying
On average, the difference in JJA soil moisture between PD and NAT is −0.72 mm. However, the year-to-year differences range between −0.39 and −1.00 mm
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-026-02050-w#unit-5-p1
European summer drying largely driven by atmospheric circulation changes since the 1980s — Dynamic warm and dry conditions amplify thermodynamic drying
On average, the difference in JJA soil moisture between PD and NAT is −0.72 mm. However, the year-to-year differences range between −0.39 and −1.00 mm
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-026-02050-w#unit-5-p1
European summer drying largely driven by atmospheric circulation changes since the 1980s — Dynamic warm and dry conditions amplify thermodynamic drying
On average, the difference in JJA soil moisture between PD and NAT is −0.72 mm. However, the year-to-year differences range between −0.39 and −1.00 mm
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-026-02050-w#unit-5-p1
European summer drying largely driven by atmospheric circulation changes since the 1980s — Dynamic warm and dry conditions amplify thermodynamic drying
On average, the difference in JJA soil moisture between PD and NAT is −0.72 mm. However, the year-to-year differences range between −0.39 and −1.00 mm
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-026-02050-w#unit-5-p1
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