Encounters with other people and cultures can instead strengthen ethnic or national identities, making them more parochial than cosmopolitan.

Evidence (1)

Habitus, Globalization, and Cosmopolitanism: How Dispositions, Class, and Migration Shape Global Self-Identification Differently in 74 Countries — Competing pathways through migration and class

encounters with other people and cultures actually strengthen existing ethnic or national identities, rendering them more parochial than cosmopolitan.

https://doi.org/10.1177/14407833261430381#unit-2-p4

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