Claim05fb5f3e986b390fb3f5379ac46d6802fea36b6f2cebaf186d6c4a8c5eb66e6a·My Arguments

London's central charge produced sizeable within-zone traffic reductions after 2003, but the effect eroded over time and was blunted where exemptions (notably for diesel vehicles) were broad, showing the reduction is real but design-sensitive.

Evidence (1)

Congestion Charging in London (case study)
Early-2000s reductions were significant but leveled off as drivers adopted avoidance strategies.
https://uta.pressbooks.pub/oertgreentransport/chapter/chapter-4-case-study-ii-congestion-charging-in-london-the-western-expansion/

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