The verb exclaim cannot itself serve as an explicit performative in the way that verbs such as apologize can; exclamation prosody, rather than merely using the verb, realizes the performative character.

Evidence (2)

The landscape of exclamations: brief musings on emotive language — Exclaiming as pervasive modification rather than a distinct force or clause type

the performative character of the utterance could be realized by exclamation prosody

https://doi.org/10.1515/tl-2025-2008#unit-2-p1

The landscape of exclamations: brief musings on emotive language — Exclaiming as pervasive modification rather than a distinct force or clause type

the performative character of the utterance could be realized by exclamation prosody

https://doi.org/10.1515/tl-2025-2008#unit-2-p1

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