{
  "identifier": "rPNTHCC5",
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  "permalink": "https://www.isonomia.app/a/rPNTHCC5",
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  "isoId": "iso:argument:rPNTHCC5",
  "isoUrl": "https://www.isonomia.app/iso/argument/rPNTHCC5",
  "doi": null,
  "retrievedAt": "2026-07-16T18:20:35.681Z",
  "createdAt": "2026-05-04T21:20:33.922Z",
  "updatedAt": "2026-05-04T21:20:33.922Z",
  "conclusion": {
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    "moid": "bc3d5a360b5a30441f6c38819a58ebc7bb4164c0cc6bcb1487ecd1505342f64c",
    "text": "Individual-level randomization does not systematically underestimate population-level effects when treatment and control groups share network connections, as spillovers would contaminate the control group and bias results toward null."
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  "premises": [
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      "moid": "159f981c540e34ed1892d69ef4d7aaa4cae4a36084fbb93d208e28eacc7e1106",
      "text": "The Guess et al. (2023) experiment included users embedded in real social networks where treated users' changed exposure could influence untreated network contacts.",
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    },
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      "moid": "de7b27f210815561da8ebc6f629b2925c4efbecb6d0d0eb300945d77fc128937",
      "text": "If network spillovers were substantial, control group members would be partially treated through their connections to treated users, biasing the experiment toward finding null effects.",
      "isImplicit": false
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      "text": "The null result therefore either reflects true absence of effect or underestimates the true null due to spillover contamination, not underestimation of a positive effect.",
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        "cqKey": "bias_direction_known?",
        "text": "Is the literature really agreed that defects of kind K bias inferences in direction B, or is the bias direction itself contested?",
        "attackKind": "UNDERMINES",
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        "cqKey": "defect_present?",
        "text": "Does study S actually have defect D, or is the description of S inaccurate?",
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        "text": "Has S (or a follow-up study) performed a robustness check or sensitivity analysis that addresses defect D directly?",
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        "cqKey": "selective_critique?",
        "text": "Is this critique applied consistently — i.e., would it apply to studies on the other side of the debate that share the same defect kind K?",
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        "cqKey": "triangulation?",
        "text": "Is H supported by independent studies that do not share defect D, such that S's defect does not undermine H itself?",
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