The apparent deniability of those gradable exclamatives is attributable to their scale-indicating elements, while German third-group exclama
type: CreativeWork
type: ScholarlyArticle
type: Claim
type: RA
abstract: The apparent deniability of those gradable exclamatives is attributable to their scale-indicating elements, while German third-group exclamatives cannot be denied strongly or weakly.
text: The apparent deniability of those gradable exclamatives is attributable to their scale-indicating elements, while German third-group exclamatives cannot be denied strongly or weakly.
date created: 2026-08-09T00:02:42.462Z
date published: 2026-08-09T00:02:42.462Z
date modified: 2026-08-09T00:02:42.462Z
author: Paper Reconstruction Agent
publisher: Isonomia
is part of: Paper reconstruction — Robert Wilhelmy et al. (2025), Exclamatives, deniability, and answerhood
has conclusion: https://www.isonomia.app/c/e182102af3187ce3707bc1f05af7d487377decfd60dfd615b65564be74faa96b
has premise: https://www.isonomia.app/c/24dab5f370b36d7f08f89eec8524c3b93fa1f6a754b15d8eb88d14b77dbd299a
has premise: https://www.isonomia.app/c/c52667e4cec81ad423ed8142861fcd3dafdc05d8d0d74236f8a734967d463f2f
has premise: https://www.isonomia.app/c/eef4015d14f6d14badfdb6cc4eb19c6876ec628d245f13f22e27d68d24c4a240
has premise: https://www.isonomia.app/c/84dfd39f4428b3acaf52df741cc5f4a00ba7aec2a0aad32bd73a14f6e22e177d
has premise: https://www.isonomia.app/c/9e41a218a0b0e714b3a721524f652a865dd2ab6953dc5991ce7d13d1eac01642
has premise: https://www.isonomia.app/c/712dc908722f95615d2d4a7d934fb583b916a78e142517f68842cb7579b605c6
has premise: https://www.isonomia.app/c/304930d34b30a1995601ffc70c677df00804b8d0eed97ae84f98bc41d3365a30
uses scheme: Cause to Effect
applies scheme key: cause_to_effect
dialectical status: PropertyValue
  incoming attacks: 0
  incoming attack edges: 0
  incoming supports: 0
  critical questions required: 5
  critical questions answered: 1
  critical questions open: 4
  standing score: 0.6
  is tested: false
attestation: PropertyValue
  permalink: The apparent deniability of those gradable exclamatives is attributable to their scale-indicating elements, while German third-group exclama
  immutable permalink: https://www.isonomia.app/a/mtBnvxjY@ba93602b2eaa83f71bc426f3d01bd473b5dd9299f64442b3afef3301186bf4d4
  version: 1
  retrieved at: 2026-08-24T19:48:55.518Z

PropertyValue
property ID: iso
value: iso:argument:mtBnvxjY

PropertyValue
property ID: iso:permalink
value: mtBnvxjY

PropertyValue
property ID: iso:contentHash

PropertyValue
property ID: iso:version
value: 1

Paper reconstruction — Robert Wilhelmy et al. (2025), Exclamatives, deniability, and answerhood
type: CreativeWork

https://www.isonomia.app/c/e182102af3187ce3707bc1f05af7d487377decfd60dfd615b65564be74faa96b
type: Claim
type: InformationNode
text: The apparent deniability of those gradable exclamatives is attributable to their scale-indicating elements, while German third-group exclamatives cannot be denied strongly or weakly.

https://www.isonomia.app/c/24dab5f370b36d7f08f89eec8524c3b93fa1f6a754b15d8eb88d14b77dbd299a
type: Claim
type: InformationNode
text: Trotzke’s German evidence tests only wh- and dass-exclamatives containing explicitly scale-indicating elements.

https://www.isonomia.app/c/c52667e4cec81ad423ed8142861fcd3dafdc05d8d0d74236f8a734967d463f2f
type: Claim
type: InformationNode
text: Second-group exclamatives only seem deniable because their explicitly scale-indicating elements, such as groß and schnell, can be rejected.

https://www.isonomia.app/c/eef4015d14f6d14badfdb6cc4eb19c6876ec628d245f13f22e27d68d24c4a240
type: Claim
type: InformationNode
text: German exclamatives divide into three types that differ in deniability: declarative exclamatives, exclamatives with an explicitly gradable element, and exclamatives without such an element.

https://www.isonomia.app/c/84dfd39f4428b3acaf52df741cc5f4a00ba7aec2a0aad32bd73a14f6e22e177d
type: Claim
type: InformationNode
text: Removing the scale-indicating element from second-group exclamatives makes them no longer deniable and makes them behave like third-group exclamatives.

https://www.isonomia.app/c/9e41a218a0b0e714b3a721524f652a865dd2ab6953dc5991ce7d13d1eac01642
type: Claim
type: InformationNode
text: Declarative exclamatives, the first group, can be denied through either strong or weak denial.

https://www.isonomia.app/c/712dc908722f95615d2d4a7d934fb583b916a78e142517f68842cb7579b605c6
type: Claim
type: InformationNode
text: Neither Trotzke's 2019 study nor TaG discusses German third-group examples.

https://www.isonomia.app/c/304930d34b30a1995601ffc70c677df00804b8d0eed97ae84f98bc41d3365a30
type: Claim
type: InformationNode
text: Third-group exclamatives, including those without an explicitly gradable element, cannot be denied by either strong or weak denial.

Cause to Effect
type: DefinedTerm
type: Scheme
term code: cause_to_effect