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  "retrievedAt": "2026-07-16T18:19:57.203Z",
  "createdAt": "2026-05-09T07:10:29.362Z",
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    "text": "The majority of well-powered field experiments testing algorithmic feed manipulation on affective polarization report null effects, though Piccardi et al. 2025 and Levy 2021 provide partial counter-evidence with external validity limitations that prevent establishing a population-level effect at the 10 percent threshold."
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      "text": "The best-identified individual-level experiments (Guess 2023, Nyhan 2023, Guess 2023b) all report null effects of algorithmic feed manipulation on affective polarization.",
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      "text": "Even Levy (2021), which found counter-attitudinal news subscriptions reduced negative out-party attitudes, demonstrated only modest effects and did not manipulate algorithmic ranking itself.",
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