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  "retrievedAt": "2026-07-16T18:21:29.790Z",
  "createdAt": "2026-05-04T21:21:30.570Z",
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    "text": "Engagement patterns on mainstream partisan content do not establish population-level algorithmic polarization effects when direct experimental manipulation of algorithms produces null polarization outcomes."
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      "text": "Guess et al. (2023) directly manipulated algorithmic versus chronological feeds and found no detectable effect on affective polarization despite substantial changes in exposure to all content types including mainstream partisan content.",
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