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    "text": "City transportation authorities should adopt cordon-based congestion pricing under four binding design conditions: (1) earmark revenue visibly to public transit and targeted low-income relief; (2) keep exemptions narrow; (3) index and periodically escalate the charge so its effect does not erode with inflation or behavioral adaptation; and (4) expand transit capacity before or alongside launch and time any public referendum to follow a trial rather than precede it."
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      "text": "The net welfare effect of congestion pricing, including its distributional impact, is positive on the condition that revenue is recycled into transit and targeted relief and that exemptions stay narrow; it is not automatically equitable by design.",
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