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  "retrievedAt": "2026-08-24T19:49:25.507Z",
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    "text": "The relevant alternative to a dedicated exclamatory force is emotive assertion: an assertion of emotion toward a proposition believed true, with intensity presupposed."
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      "text": "Exclamatory use occurs across multiple forms, and conventional form-associated sentential force need not determine the illocutionary force inferred from speaker intention.",
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      "text": "Prior speech-act approaches distinguish canonical clause types and represent their distinct illocutionary forces with operators such as ASSERT and ?.",
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      "text": "Although some accounts are skeptical that exclamatives have a dedicated sentential force, almost all existing approaches endorse the illocutionary force hypothesis that exclamation is a speech act.",
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