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    "text": "Adverbial attachment and anaphoric relations cannot access an emotive predicate in exclamatives, unlike in emotive assertions, which argues against a silent emotive matrix predicate."
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      "text": "Therefore, examples such as (3) do not discriminate between an attitude demonstration and an assertion of that attitude.",
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      "text": "The emotive-assertion account likewise accesses information about performance indirectly, because performance quality is only embedded information under its assumed silent emotive predicate.",
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      "text": "Likewise, the answer in (2b) may be possible because an addressee's demonstration of surprise can let the questioner know which attitude the addressee has.",
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      "text": "On the alternative analysis, exclamatives demonstrate attitudes toward states of affairs rather than assert corresponding attitudes.",
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      "text": "The author's judgment is that answering by demonstration is marked and only felicitous when the question is understood relatively loosely, as with the how-question combined with think.",
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      "text": "In the broad information-seeking question in (3), demonstrating surprise at Eliud's speed can indirectly inform the questioner about the quality of his performance.",
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      "text": "The preference for a regular assertion when directly asked about one's surprise shows that exclamatives are at most marked, indirect substitutes for emotive assertions, not regular assertions of attitudes.",
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