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  "retrievedAt": "2026-08-24T19:49:01.162Z",
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    "text": "The study traces this boundary in 43 college-level introductory economics textbooks from 1890 to 1960 using qualitative analysis and numerical coding of production-boundary frames."
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      "text": "The production boundary is a suitable case because productive labour was central and contested in political economy, while explicit mainstream debate later appeared to disappear.",
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      "text": "Introductory textbooks bridge academic economics and other social institutions by training students in core frames and diffusing basic economic ideas, including discursive demarcations, to institutions.",
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      "text": "The textbook pool was drawn from the Library of Congress catalogue's HB 171.5 classification, which encompasses introductory economics textbooks.",
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      "text": "Alfred Marshall's 1890 Principles of Economics was added because of its importance to economic thought, producing a final sample of 43 textbooks.",
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