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  "retrievedAt": "2026-08-24T19:49:18.224Z",
  "createdAt": "2026-08-09T01:19:02.680Z",
  "updatedAt": "2026-08-09T01:19:02.680Z",
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    "text": "Accordingly, there is no distinct illocutionary force, speech act, or clause type of exclamation."
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      "text": "A distinct exclamative clause type would require a dedicated force other than assertion, question, or command.",
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      "text": "An utterance with the relevant effect is analyzed as an emotive assertion: it asserts emotion, is veridically committed to the proposition's truth, and presupposes intensity.",
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      "text": "For the Kipchoge example, the analysis includes assertion of amazement or surprise, a subjective-veridicality presupposition that the speaker believes Kipchoge ran extremely fast, and a counter-expectation presupposition that the speaker did not expect this.",
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      "text": "The German and Greek data led to the syntactic claim that the relevant structures contain ellipsis of a higher emotive predicate and are embedded under a higher assertive predicate rather than instantiating an exclamative clause type.",
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      "text": "The ten commentaries provide patterns from numerous languages that substantiate the claim that exclamations are a rich and diverse set of structures rather than one sentence type.",
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