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  "doi": null,
  "retrievedAt": "2026-08-24T19:48:51.732Z",
  "createdAt": "2026-08-09T01:07:11.854Z",
  "updatedAt": "2026-08-09T01:07:11.854Z",
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    "text": "TG's denial and question-addressing tests do not establish that exclamatives' affect-related content is truth-conditional and at issue, since the relevant truth-conditional content is predicted to be presupposed on both accounts and question coherence is not itself assertion evidence."
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      "text": "Wh-exclamatives are expressive degree intensification rather than an operator over propositions, which accounts for their requirement of extreme degrees.",
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      "text": "The contrast in denial behavior cannot be explained merely by the claim that emotional states cannot be denied, since one can accuse someone of pretending after expressive acts but not of lying or saying something false.",
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      "text": "TG treat affect-related content in exclamatives and declarative exclamations as asserted, but direct denials of speakers' emotional states are infelicitous after those utterances, whereas such denials are felicitous after overt assertions with amazed or surprised.",
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      "text": "On the standard view, an exclamative's affect-related component is non-truth-conditional and its truth-conditional content is presupposed; therefore neither has the discourse behavior of ordinary at-issue asserted content.",
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      "text": "Question-answer coherence is not by itself evidence that an utterance addresses a question: rhetorical questions and expressive reactions can be coherent responses while not asserting a proposition that addresses the question.",
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      "text": "Both TG's account and the standard account treat exclamatives' descriptive/truth-conditional content as presupposed, so they make the same predictions about its direct deniability; simple No/Nah plus correction is a general-purpose denial form that can target at least some presuppositions.",
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      "text": "In a direct question about the speaker's feelings, an overt emotive assertion is substantially better than an exclamative or declarative exclamation, contrary to TG's prediction that they are equivalent.",
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