TODO (mediator-side synthesis claim): even under uncertainty about the strength of the causal link, a precautionary policy stance toward ado
TODO (mediator-side synthesis claim): even under uncertainty about the strength of the causal link, a precautionary policy stance toward adolescent smartphone access is justified. (Used as a synthesis target for arguments from both sides.)
Showcase: Smartphones, social media, and adolescent mental health
TODO: a claim summarizing the (currently sparse) intervention-study evidence — natural experiments, staggered phone bans, deactivation RCTs — and what it does and doesn't show.
TODO — natural-experiment evidence (e.g. staggered phone bans)
Beland & Murphy — Ill Communication: Technology, Distraction & Student Performance (LSE CEP DP1350, 2015)
Banning mobile phones in schools improved student test scores, with the largest gains for low-achieving and disadvantaged pupils.
UNESCO — Smartphones in school only when they clearly support learning (2023 GEM Report)
UNESCO calls for a ban on smartphones in schools where their use is not clearly demonstrated to support learning.