{
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  "isoUrl": "https://www.isonomia.app/iso/argument/1QDaezQw",
  "doi": null,
  "retrievedAt": "2026-08-24T19:46:53.196Z",
  "createdAt": "2026-08-09T00:02:21.104Z",
  "updatedAt": "2026-08-09T00:02:21.104Z",
  "conclusion": {
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    "moid": "f2ac6ffe2bbc35045a83b335d2bf289492dc3d3d95500d7ed2888d9cfc7d7f90",
    "text": "TaG’s case centrally depends on challenging the claims that exclamatives’ descriptive content is not deniable and that exclamatives cannot answer information-seeking questions."
  },
  "premises": [
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      "moid": "0e98026901303c90de4f5442da28b7bb4c922d80916f644fe2ded69c12a9eec0",
      "text": "TaG claim that wh-exclamatives are semantically equivalent to declarative emotive assertions and therefore do not instantiate a distinct illocutionary force of exclamation.",
      "isImplicit": false
    },
    {
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      "moid": "17d31928ca49db1bec37d8a31e1e501fce8572a45ce1ef7b0992ae6ff6832c32",
      "text": "TaG claim that wh-exclamatives perform emotive assertions akin to present-tense declaratives containing emotive predicates such as be amazed or be surprised, with very similar truth conditions and presuppositions.",
      "isImplicit": false
    },
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      "moid": "f5d07d4b7c94ecfe9d858dacce7f66e8da430c03c75f634b787a3a44cdfcdecd",
      "text": "For TaG, the wh-exclamative “How fast Eliud Kipchoge was!” and the declarative “I am amazed at how extremely fast Eliud Kipchoge was” are identical in what they assert and presuppose.",
      "isImplicit": false
    },
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      "text": "TaG group these sentence types as “emotive assertions”: both assert that the speaker is amazed at the believed proposition that Eliud Kipchoge was extremely fast, and both presuppose that the speaker believes that proposition.",
      "isImplicit": false
    },
    {
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      "text": "TaG challenge reported judgments that a response with no to an exclamative is ill-formed; English speakers they consulted reportedly had no trouble responding no to the relevant English exclamative.",
      "isImplicit": false
    },
    {
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      "text": "TaG additionally support the deniability point with Greek examples and with Trotzke’s (2019) German-participant study, which classified denials as strong denial (Nein!) or weak denial (Nicht wirklich!).",
      "isImplicit": false
    },
    {
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      "moid": "32c64c3d510f4b50f78e64286621c977456fc789391ad02746559284398ab513",
      "text": "TaG identify two central data points cited for the opposing view that exclamations lack assertive force: their descriptive content is allegedly not directly deniable, and exclamatives allegedly cannot be used as answers to information-seeking questions.",
      "isImplicit": false
    }
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    "key": "argument_from_commitment",
    "name": "Argument from Commitment",
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        "cqKey": "commitment_evidenced?",
        "text": "What record shows that a actually incurred the commitment to A — is the quotation or move accurate, complete, and in context?",
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        "text": "Is B really the same proposition as A, or genuinely entailed by it — or does the attribution trade on paraphrase, translation, or equivocation?",
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    "unanswered": [
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        "cqKey": "charitable_alternative?",
        "text": "Is there a plausible alternative reading of R under which a is not committed to A?",
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        "attackKind": "UNDERMINES",
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        "text": "Was the commitment incurred in a context (dialogue type, work, period, supposition, or bracketed attitude) from which it cannot legitimately be carried to the present issue?",
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        "cqKey": "countervailing_commitments?",
        "text": "Does a hold stronger explicit commitments to the contrary that outweigh the attributed one within a's position?",
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    "title": "Paper reconstruction — Robert Wilhelmy et al. (2025), Exclamatives, deniability, and answerhood"
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