Theoretical accounts are needed to explain how country context interacts with individual-level factors, because existing correlates need not operate identically across countries.

Theoretical accounts are needed to explain how country context interacts with individual-level factors, because existing correlates need not operate identically across countries.

• Global self-identification is unevenly distributed across and within countries, and globalization has not generated a general cosmopolitanization trend.
• Contrary to theorists' 1990s and 2000s expectation of increasing cosmopolitan orientations and identities under globalization, subsequent empirical research has found no general cosmopolitanization trend.
  Evidence for this premise (3)

  Habitus, Globalization, and Cosmopolitanism: How Dispositions, Class, and Migration Shape Global Self-Identification Differently in 74 Countries — Problem: globalization, cosmopolitan identification, and cross-national variation

  empirical research since has not shown any such general trend

  https://doi.org/10.1177/14407833261430381#unit-1-p2

  Habitus, Globalization, and Cosmopolitanism: How Dispositions, Class, and Migration Shape Global Self-Identification Differently in 74 Countries — Problem: globalization, cosmopolitan identification, and cross-national variation

  empirical research since has not shown any such general trend

  https://doi.org/10.1177/14407833261430381#unit-1-p2

  Habitus, Globalization, and Cosmopolitanism: How Dispositions, Class, and Migration Shape Global Self-Identification Differently in 74 Countries — Problem: globalization, cosmopolitan identification, and cross-national variation

  empirical research since has not shown any such general trend

  https://doi.org/10.1177/14407833261430381#unit-1-p2
• Globalization-related polarization has produced cleavages between more nationally and more cosmopolitan-oriented groups, whose attitudes toward the nation-state, migration, culture, and social cohesion differ significantly.
  Evidence for this premise (3)

  Habitus, Globalization, and Cosmopolitanism: How Dispositions, Class, and Migration Shape Global Self-Identification Differently in 74 Countries — Problem: globalization, cosmopolitan identification, and cross-national variation

  increasing polarization and the formation of new cleavages between somewhat nationally and cosmopolitan-oriented groups

  https://doi.org/10.1177/14407833261430381#unit-1-p1

  Habitus, Globalization, and Cosmopolitanism: How Dispositions, Class, and Migration Shape Global Self-Identification Differently in 74 Countries — Problem: globalization, cosmopolitan identification, and cross-national variation

  increasing polarization and the formation of new cleavages between somewhat nationally and cosmopolitan-oriented groups

  https://doi.org/10.1177/14407833261430381#unit-1-p1

  Habitus, Globalization, and Cosmopolitanism: How Dispositions, Class, and Migration Shape Global Self-Identification Differently in 74 Countries — Problem: globalization, cosmopolitan identification, and cross-national variation

  increasing polarization and the formation of new cleavages between somewhat nationally and cosmopolitan-oriented groups

  https://doi.org/10.1177/14407833261430381#unit-1-p1
• People attach very different meanings to identifying as citizens of the world, and the extent of cosmopolitan self-identification varies noticeably both between and within national societies.
  Evidence for this premise (3)

  Habitus, Globalization, and Cosmopolitanism: How Dispositions, Class, and Migration Shape Global Self-Identification Differently in 74 Countries — Problem: globalization, cosmopolitan identification, and cross-national variation

  people mean very different things when they state that they see themselves as “ citizens of the world ”

  https://doi.org/10.1177/14407833261430381#unit-1-p3

  Habitus, Globalization, and Cosmopolitanism: How Dispositions, Class, and Migration Shape Global Self-Identification Differently in 74 Countries — Problem: globalization, cosmopolitan identification, and cross-national variation

  people mean very different things when they state that they see themselves as “ citizens of the world ”

  https://doi.org/10.1177/14407833261430381#unit-1-p3

  Habitus, Globalization, and Cosmopolitanism: How Dispositions, Class, and Migration Shape Global Self-Identification Differently in 74 Countries — Problem: globalization, cosmopolitan identification, and cross-national variation

  people mean very different things when they state that they see themselves as “ citizens of the world ”

  https://doi.org/10.1177/14407833261430381#unit-1-p3
• Research indicates that global identification differs across countries with societal factors such as affluence or globalization and with individual factors such as age, class, education, and residence, but these factors need not have the same effects in every country.
  Evidence for this premise (3)

  Habitus, Globalization, and Cosmopolitanism: How Dispositions, Class, and Migration Shape Global Self-Identification Differently in 74 Countries — Problem: globalization, cosmopolitan identification, and cross-national variation

  these factors do not necessarily have the same effect across countries

  https://doi.org/10.1177/14407833261430381#unit-1-p4

  Habitus, Globalization, and Cosmopolitanism: How Dispositions, Class, and Migration Shape Global Self-Identification Differently in 74 Countries — Problem: globalization, cosmopolitan identification, and cross-national variation

  these factors do not necessarily have the same effect across countries

  https://doi.org/10.1177/14407833261430381#unit-1-p4

  Habitus, Globalization, and Cosmopolitanism: How Dispositions, Class, and Migration Shape Global Self-Identification Differently in 74 Countries — Problem: globalization, cosmopolitan identification, and cross-national variation

  these factors do not necessarily have the same effect across countries

  https://doi.org/10.1177/14407833261430381#unit-1-p4
• Existing research often uses psychological accounts, including group threat and values, that generally posit stable trans-situational effects across diverse societal contexts.
  Evidence for this premise (3)

  Habitus, Globalization, and Cosmopolitanism: How Dispositions, Class, and Migration Shape Global Self-Identification Differently in 74 Countries — Problem: globalization, cosmopolitan identification, and cross-national variation

  research often relies on psychological notions such as group threat

  https://doi.org/10.1177/14407833261430381#unit-1-p6

  Habitus, Globalization, and Cosmopolitanism: How Dispositions, Class, and Migration Shape Global Self-Identification Differently in 74 Countries — Problem: globalization, cosmopolitan identification, and cross-national variation

  research often relies on psychological notions such as group threat

  https://doi.org/10.1177/14407833261430381#unit-1-p6

  Habitus, Globalization, and Cosmopolitanism: How Dispositions, Class, and Migration Shape Global Self-Identification Differently in 74 Countries — Problem: globalization, cosmopolitan identification, and cross-national variation

  research often relies on psychological notions such as group threat

  https://doi.org/10.1177/14407833261430381#unit-1-p6
• Although the literature agrees that cosmopolitan orientations and identities manifest differently across societies, it lacks agreement on a theoretical account of the macro–micro interplay.
  Evidence for this premise (3)

  Habitus, Globalization, and Cosmopolitanism: How Dispositions, Class, and Migration Shape Global Self-Identification Differently in 74 Countries — Problem: globalization, cosmopolitan identification, and cross-national variation

  there is much less agreement on how to account theoretically for this interplay of macroand micro-level factors

  https://doi.org/10.1177/14407833261430381#unit-1-p5

  Habitus, Globalization, and Cosmopolitanism: How Dispositions, Class, and Migration Shape Global Self-Identification Differently in 74 Countries — Problem: globalization, cosmopolitan identification, and cross-national variation

  there is much less agreement on how to account theoretically for this interplay of macroand micro-level factors

  https://doi.org/10.1177/14407833261430381#unit-1-p5

  Habitus, Globalization, and Cosmopolitanism: How Dispositions, Class, and Migration Shape Global Self-Identification Differently in 74 Countries — Problem: globalization, cosmopolitan identification, and cross-national variation

  there is much less agreement on how to account theoretically for this interplay of macroand micro-level factors

  https://doi.org/10.1177/14407833261430381#unit-1-p5

These are challenges this argument’s reasoning pattern must still withstand. Answering them on Isonomia strengthens the argument.

• Is the goal/value G explicit and acceptable?Answer under review
  Draft answer

  The paper identifies the lack of agreement on a theoretical account of macro–micro interplay as a problem in the literature. This supplies a stated explanatory goal for seeking such accounts, without establishing broader agreement on that goal. Paper basis — "there is much less agreement on how to account theoretically for this interplay of macroand micro-level factors" (Habitus, Globalization, and Cosmopolitanism: How Dispositions, Class, and Migration Shape Global Self-Identification Differently in 74 Countries, p. 2). Reconstructed from Christian Schneickert & Sören Carlson (2026); machine-drafted from the paper, filed for review.

  https://doi.org/10.1177/14407833261430381#unit-1-p5
• Is there a better alternative than A to achieve G?Open
• Is A feasible for the agent (ability, resources, time)?Open
• Will doing A actually achieve G in the present context?Open
• Is doing A permissible/appropriate given norms or constraints?Open
• Do negative consequences of A outweigh achieving G?Open

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